Before meeting your gynecologist for the first time, here’s a checklist of items you should be carrying:
1. List of symptoms you’ve been having and its characteristics such as how long has it been, what does it entail, etc.
2. Any recent (<1 year) medical tests such as blood tests, urine tests, etc.
3. If you have any existing medical conditions, bring along your prescription and related medical information
4. Information about your family history
5. Your insurance details or company ID card, if the hospital is on your panel

Unless you have been identified with any complications, it is perfectly safe to travel during pregnancy. Most women find the second trimester the most ideal time to travel as you are done with the morning sickness of the first trimester and won’t get as easily tired as one does in their third trimester. Indian airline carriers allow women to travel up to 32 weeks of their pregnancy.

In a normal pregnancy, you can be expected to come in for a check up on the following days:

• 4 weeks to 28 weeks: 1 visit/month
• 28 weeks to 36 weeks: 1 visit/2 weeks
• 36 weeks to 40 weeks: 1 visit/week

If it is a high-risk pregnancy such as twins, advanced age of women or a complicated pregnancy, your doctor may want to see you more often depending on your condition.

A pregnant woman needs more folic acid, calcium, iron & protein than a non-pregnant woman. Hence pre-natal vitamins, which contain an ideal amount is prescribed to every expecting woman. Leafy vegetables, whole grains, dairy products, fruits and lean meats should make up 80 % of the diet. There can be cravings for salty and sugary food in pregnancy but one should try to eat as healthily as possible to avoid gaining excess weight.

Your body will undergo a multitude of changes as you go through your pregnancy. The most obvious change is your abdomen. It will start looking globular by 12 weeks, an ovoid shape by 28 weeks and turns spherical beyond 36 weeks. The change in the shape of your abdomen is accompanied by slight discomfort, gastric reflux and stretch marks over the next 9 months. The breasts become larger and the areola becomes darker as the pregnancy advances. Your skin may undergo changes such as stretch marks on your buttocks, thighs and abdomen in the second half of pregnancy. Hyperpigmentation of the umbilicus, nipples, abdominal midline & face may be seen due to the hormonal changes in pregnancy. Spider veins and reddening of the palms is commonly seen due to hyperdynamic circulation. Sometimes, there is change in growth rate and texture of nails and hair. Feet and ankles swell during pregnancy due to the increased fluid carried by the body. Leg cramps may occur due to the excessive fluid, shortage of calcium and phosphorus and fluctuation of hormones. A healthy weight gain in pregnancy is 11 kg– 1 kg in the first trimester, 5kg in the second trimester and 5kg in the third trimester. Anything between 11- 17 kgs is taken as a normal weight gain of pregnancy. There is an increase in your body temperature which will get back to normal by the 16th week. Due to increased ligament laxity, many women suffer from back pain during their pregnancy.

Placenta previa is a sudden onset of painless, recurrent bleeding which is apparently causeless. In 5% of the cases, it occurs during labour especially for first time moms. In 1/3rd of the cases, there are ‘warning’ hemorrhages that hint towards placenta previa.

While it is not common for Placenta Previa to be painful, some women may experience cramping.

There is no way to prevent Placenta Previa. However, there are different ways to make sure you have a safe pregnancy:
• Adequate antenatal care will help in a safe pregnancy which includes correction of anemia
• ‘Warning’ hemorrhages should not be ignored
• Increased fetal monitoring especially if there is history of bleeding
• Bed rest as much as possible
• Keep a look out for signs of pre-term labour
• An increased protein intake in your diet is recommended

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive a child despite trying for one year. For details, please book an appointment.

It is a myth that infertility is always a “womans problem.” In 50% of all infertility case male is directly or indirectly responsible (referred to as male factors).

Lifestyle can influence the number and quality of a mans sperm. Alcohol and drugs–including marijuana, nicotine, and certain medications–can temporarily reduce sperm quality. Also, environmental toxins, including pesticides and lead, may be to blame for some cases of infertility. The causes of sperm production problems can exist from birth or develop later as a result of severe medical illnesses, including mumps and some sexually transmitted diseases, or from a severe testicle injury, tumor, or other problem. Inability to ejaculate normally can prevent conception, too, and can be caused by many factors, including diabetes, surgery of the prostate gland or urethra, blood pressure medication, or impotence.

The other half of explained infertility cases are linked to female problems (called female factors), most commonly ovulation disorders. Without ovulation, eggs are not available for fertilization. Problems with ovulation are signaled by irregular menstrual periods or a lack of periods altogether (called amenorrhea) Simple lifestyle factors–including stress, diet, or athletic training–can affect a womans hormonal balance.

Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to that normally lining the uterus is found outside of the uterus, usually in the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic structures. Endometriosis has no single symptom that is diagnostic. Patients with endometriosis may have painful periods, pelvic pain and backache during menses, painful intercourse and infertility.

Uterine fibroids are growth that develop from the cells that make up the muscle of the uterus. Thay are also called leiomyomas or myomas. Uterine fibroids are common, benign growths that occur quite often in women. About one in every four or five women has them. Fibroids are most common in women aged 30 – 40, but can occur at any age. Many women who have fibroids are not aware of them because the growth can remain small and not cause a problem. Some symptoms that may occur include bleeding, irregular periods, menstrual pain, abdominal pain, painful intercourse, constipation, miscarriage and infertility.

IUI or intra uterine insemination is an in-office procedure that is used to treat a variety of fertility conditions that may include cervical mucus problems, diminished sperm motility and ovulation dysfunction. The procedure involves ovulation monitoring by ultrasound examination, sperm washing and insemination. Sperm washing is done by using protein enhanced mediums and centrifuging – procedures to obtain the best possible motile sperms. The washed sperms are then placed in the uterine cavity for fertilization to occur within the body.